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Reconciling conflicting evidence and evaluating reliability.
(see also: calling out bs)Â
Traditional reviews:
Systematic reviews/meta-analyses:
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Formulating questions
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PICOS is a framework to guide thinking, not a set of hard-and-fast rules. It stands for:
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Systematically searching
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Key questions:
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Bibliographic databases
Grey literature
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Searching is always a balance between the number of results retrieved and available resources
Sensitivity: getting more potentially relevant material (use broad search terms).
Specificity: proportion of captured material that is relevant (narrow search terms).
Establish a test-set of studies
Building a basic search:
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Example
How effective is wetland restoration for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus?Â
A Boolean refresher:
(wetland* OR pond OR mire* OR marsh OR fen OR "wet meadow" OR riparian OR "flood plain" OR reed) AND (construct* OR creat* OR restor* OR man*made OR flooding OR inundation) AND (nitrogen OR phosph* OR nitrate OR TKN OR ammoni)
Test search terms individually for efficacy
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Screening and appraising studies
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Common inclusion rates
The two-step (though can be three, if ++ records)
Title + Abstract
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(Text retrieval)
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Full textKeeping note:
R packages
Other
Thanks!